UPSC Syllabus 2018 PHASE 1: PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION – CSAT
CSAT or Civil Services Aptitude Test is the first phase of a preliminary examination of UPSC. This test basically helps in finding the individual ability of thinking in ‘Reasoning and Analytics’. IAS prelims exam is consists of two paper of objective type. The Following table is about UPSC Prelims Exam Pattern
Paper Subjects Questions Total marks Duration I General studies
(this is qualifying paper for mains examination) 100 200 2 hours II Aptitude skills
(this paper is also qualifying but person has to score at least 33% marks) 80 200 2 hours
(this is qualifying paper for mains examination)
(this paper is also qualifying but person has to score at least 33% marks)
UPSC SYLLABUS 2018 FOR PAPER I
- Current events of national and international importance.
- History of India and Indian National Movement.
- Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
- Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
- Economic and Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
- General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity, and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization General Science
UPSC SYLLABUS 2018 FOR PAPER II
- Comprehension
- Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
- Logical reasoning and analytical ability
- Decision-making and problem solving
- General mental ability
- Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. – Class X level)
UPSC Syllabus 2018 PHASE II: MAINS EXAMINATION (1750 marks)
The phase II examination helps in finding the individual ability to represent things in an understandable way. The UPSC mains Examination intent is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their knowledge and memory.
The IAS exam consists of 9 papers out of which 2 papers of 300 marks are qualifying in nature and marks of these both paper is not counted in final total
- Any Indian language
- English
The phase II examination helps in finding the individual ability to represent things in an understandable way. The UPSC mains Examination intent is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their knowledge and memory.
The IAS exam consists of 9 papers out of which 2 papers of 300 marks are qualifying in nature and marks of these both paper is not counted in final total
- Any Indian language
- English
And the rest of seven papers can be written in any of the languages mentioned as in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution or in English. Below given the remaining seven papers:
PAPER 1: ESSAY (250)
However, Essay writing is an important part of UPSC Syllabus 2018 for mains exam. Candidates are given a topic to write an essay on that specified topic. The essay will be checked on the person’s ideas related to that topic, clarity of thoughts, creativeness, and grammatical mistakes and also on the effectiveness of ideas.
However, Essay writing is an important part of UPSC Syllabus 2018 for mains exam. Candidates are given a topic to write an essay on that specified topic. The essay will be checked on the person’s ideas related to that topic, clarity of thoughts, creativeness, and grammatical mistakes and also on the effectiveness of ideas.
PAPER 2: GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 (250 MARKS)
- When we talk about UPSC Syllabus 2018 mains, General Studies is very important. Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society form the key aspects of it.
- Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
- Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues
- The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.
- Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
- History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
- Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
- Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
- Effects of globalization on Indian society
- Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
- Salient features of world’s physical geography.
- Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
- Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
- When we talk about UPSC Syllabus 2018 mains, General Studies is very important. Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society form the key aspects of it.
- Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
- Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues
- The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.
- Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
- History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
- Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
- Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
- Effects of globalization on Indian society
- Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
- Salient features of world’s physical geography.
- Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
- Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
PAPER 3: GENERAL STUDIES PAPER-II (250 MARKS)
- Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
- Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
- Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues, and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
- Separation of powers between various organs disputes redressal mechanisms and institutions.
- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
- Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, the conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
- Structure, organization, and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
- Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
- Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions, and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
- Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies
- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
- Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
- Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions, and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
- Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
- Important aspects of governance, transparency, and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
- Role of civil services in a democracy.
- India and its neighborhood- relations.
- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
- Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
- Important International institutions, agencies, and for- their structure, mandate.
- Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
- Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
- Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues, and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
- Separation of powers between various organs disputes redressal mechanisms and institutions.
- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
- Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, the conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
- Structure, organization, and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
- Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
- Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions, and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
- Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies
- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
- Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
- Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions, and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
- Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
- Important aspects of governance, transparency, and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
- Role of civil services in a democracy.
- India and its neighborhood- relations.
- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
- Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
- Important International institutions, agencies, and for- their structure, mandate.
PAPER 4: GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 3 (250 MARKS)
- Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management.
- Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development, and employment.
- Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
- Government Budgeting.
- Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers
- Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
- Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
- Land reforms in India.
- Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
- Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
- Investment models.
- Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life
- Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
- Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
- Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
- Disaster and disaster management.
- Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
- Role of external state and nonstate actors in creating challenges to internal security.
- Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention
- Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism
- Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
- Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management.
- Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development, and employment.
- Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
- Government Budgeting.
- Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers
- Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
- Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
- Land reforms in India.
- Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
- Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
- Investment models.
- Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life
- Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
- Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
- Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
- Disaster and disaster management.
- Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
- Role of external state and nonstate actors in creating challenges to internal security.
- Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention
- Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism
- Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
PAPER 5: GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4 (250 MARKS)
- Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants, and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; the role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
- Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behavior; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
- Aptitude and foundational values of Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
- Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
- Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
- Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
- Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
- Case Studies on above issues.
- Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants, and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; the role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
- Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behavior; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
- Aptitude and foundational values of Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
- Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
- Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
- Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
- Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
- Case Studies on above issues.
PAPER 6 AND 7 (250 MARKS)
Optional 1 (Of your choice)/ Optional 2 (Of your choice)
Candidates can choose any optional from the subjects, which are given below:
- Agriculture
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
- Anthropology
- Botany
- Chemistry
- Civil Engineering
- Commerce and Accountancy
- Economics
- Electrical Engineering
- Geography
- Geology
- History
- Law
- Management
- Mathematics
- Mechanical Engineering
- Medical Science
- Philosophy
- Physics
- Political Science and International Relations
- Psychology
- Public Administration
- Sociology
- Statistics
- Zoology
Also, Please share this article UPSC Syllabus 2018 for Prelims and Mains all your friends who are preparing for UPSC Civil Services Prelims Exam 2018. If you have any issues & Doubts regarding Prelims Exam Structure, UPSC Syllabus 2018, detailed subject topics and any other related to Civil Services Exam 2018 you can ask via comment box.
Optional 1 (Of your choice)/ Optional 2 (Of your choice)
Candidates can choose any optional from the subjects, which are given below:
- Agriculture
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
- Anthropology
- Botany
- Chemistry
- Civil Engineering
- Commerce and Accountancy
- Economics
- Electrical Engineering
- Geography
- Geology
- History
- Law
- Management
- Mathematics
- Mechanical Engineering
- Medical Science
- Philosophy
- Physics
- Political Science and International Relations
- Psychology
- Public Administration
- Sociology
- Statistics
- Zoology
Also, Please share this article UPSC Syllabus 2018 for Prelims and Mains all your friends who are preparing for UPSC Civil Services Prelims Exam 2018. If you have any issues & Doubts regarding Prelims Exam Structure, UPSC Syllabus 2018, detailed subject topics and any other related to Civil Services Exam 2018 you can ask via comment box.
Books for IAS Required For Preparing UPSC CSE (Prelims Paper-I)
Syllabus for prelims GS paper-I (General Studies
- Current events of national and international importance.
- History of India and Indian National Movement.
- Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
- Indian Polity and Governance Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
- Economic and Social Development
- Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
- General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization General Science.
The syllabus for UPSC prelims is like what a person must know in his daily life, UPSC does not demand any specialization in any or all particular subjects given in the syllabus. It just requires a general knowledge about the subject. This is also specified in syllabus provided by UPSC and all questions which are asked in exam are based on periferi of these subjects.
NCERT books for IAS are the most important sources for civil services examination preparation.
List of IAS Books for Prelims 2018 | Important NCERT Books for Prelims 2018
Below, we have given the detailed list of all the best IAS Books, for all the subjects, to help you prepare for UPSC Prelims 2018 Exam.
| English | Hindi |
Indian Economic and Social Development
|
| |
| 2) STD-10-Understanding Economic
Development – Economics
| 2) Arthik Vikas Ki Samajh -Arthashastra |
| 3) STD-11-Indian Eco. Development | 3) Bharatiya Arthvyavastha Ka-Vikas |
| 4) STD-12-India People and Economy | 4) Bharat – Log Aur Arthvyavastha |
| 5) Indian Economy – Sanjeev Verma | 5) Indian Economy – Sanjeev Verma  |
| 6) Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh | 6) Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh |
History and Art And Culture
| 1) Hamara Atit – Itihas |
| 2) STD-7-Our Past II – History | 2) Hamara Atit- II – Itihas |
| 3) STD-8-Our Past III part I – History | 3) Hamara Atit- III Bhag – Itihas |
| 4) STD-8-Our Past III part II – History | 4) Hamara Atit III Bhag II – Itihas |
| 5) STD-9-India & Contemporary World – History | 5) Bharat Aur Samakalin Vishwa -Itihas |
| 6) STD-10-India & Contemporary
World II– History
| 6) Bharat Aur Samakalin Vishwa II –
Itihas
|
| 7) STD-11-Themes of World History | 7) Vishva Itihas Ke Kuch Vishay |
| 8) STD-11-An Introduction to Indian Art | 8) An Introduction to Indian Art |
| OLD NCERT (2003 Edition) 9) STD-11-(Ancient Indian History RS Sharma)
10) STD-11- (Medieval Indian History Satish Chandra)
11) STD-12- (Modern Indian History Bipin Chandra)
| OLD NCERT (2003 Edition)
9) STD-11- (Ancient Indian History RS Sharma)
10) STD-11- (Medieval Indian History Satish Chandra)
11) STD-12- (Modern Indian History Bipin Chandra)
|
| 12) Indian History – Spectrum | 12) Indian History – Spectrum |
| 13) India’s Struggle For Independence-Bipin Chandra | 13) India’s Struggle For Independence-Bipin Chandra |
| 14) Indian Art and Culture – Nitin Singhania. | 14) Indian Art and Culture – Nitin Singhania. |
Indian and World Geography
| 1) Prithvi Hamara Abhas – Bhugol |
| 2) STD-7-Our Environment – Geography | 2) Hamara Paryavaran – Bhugol |
| 3) STD-8-Resourse & Development – Geography | 3) Sansadhan ayewan vikas- Bhugol |
| 4) STD-9-Contemporary India – Geography | 4) Samakalin Bharat – Bhugol |
| 5) STD-10-Contemporary India – Geography | 5) Samakalin Bharat – Bhugol |
| 6) STD-11-Fundamental of Physical Geo. | 6) Bhautik Bhugol, Ke Mool Sidhant |
| 7) STD-12-Fundamentals of Human Geography | 7) Manav Bhugol Ke Mul Sidhant |
| 8) Certificate Physical Geography G C Leong | 8) Certificate Physical Geography G C Leong |
| 9) Indian Geography-Khullar | 9) Indian Geography-Khullar |
| 10) Physical Geography-Savinder Singh | 10) Physical Geography-Savinder Singh |
| 11) Orient Blackswan Atlas/ TTK School Atlas/ Oxford School Atlas | 11) Orient Blackswan Atlas/ TTK School Atlas/ Oxford School Atlas |
Indian Polity and Governance Constitution
| 1) STD-9-Democratic Politics | 1) Loktantrik Rajniti |
| 2) STD-10-Democratic Politics II | 2) Loktantrik Rajniti II |
| 3) STD-11-Indian Constitution at Work | 3) Bharatiya sanvidhan Ka Karya |
| 5) Indian Constitution M Lakshmikantha | 5) Indian Constitution M Lakshmikantha |
Environment, Ecology and Biodiversity
| 1) Environment for Civil Services Prelims and Mains – Khuller. |
|
| 2) Shankar IAS Environment | 2) Shankar IAS Environment |
General Science and Science & Technology
| 1) STD 6 to 10 Science NCERT |
|
| 2) STD 11 & 12 Biology unit NCERT | 2) STD 11 & 12 Jeev Vigyan NCERT |
| 3) STD 11 & 12 Chemistry unit NCERT | 3) STD 11 & 12 Rasayan Vigyan Bhag
NCERT
|
Current events of National and International Importance
Being completely aware of what’s happening around, in the various aspects of National and International arena is of critical importance for a UPSC aspirant. So, below are few resources to help be keep yourself abreast with all the General Affairs relevant to UPSC Prelims and Mains.
Newspaper / Magazine
- The Hindu/ Dainik Jagran (Rashtriya Sanskaran)
- The Indian Express/ Dainik Bhaskar
- Frontline
- Yojana
- Kurukshetra
- Any Monthly Magazine for Current Affairs
IAS Books required for CSAT (Prelims Paper-II)
Syllabus
Comprehension
Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision-making and problem-solving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class X level)
English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level).
|
|
| 2) RS Aggarwal verbal reasoning | 2) RS Aggarwal verbal reasoning (hindi) |
| 3) RS Aggarwal Non verbal reasoning | 3) RS Aggarwal Non verbal reasoning |
Below are links to the best books to prepare for UPSC Prelims 2018. You can purchase them online, clicking on the links below.
- History Of Modern India – Bipan Chandra. (History)
- India’s Struggle For Independence – Bipan Chandra. (History)
- India’s Ancient Past – R.S. Sharma. (History)
- History Of Medieval India – Satish Chandra. (History)
- The Wonder That Was India – A.L. Bhasham. (Culture)
- Indian Art and Culture – Nitin Singhania. (Culture)
- Geography of India – Majid Husain. (Geography)
- Oxford School Atlas – Oxford. (Geography)
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography – Goh Cheng Leong. (Geography)
- Indian Polity for Civil Services Examinations – M. Laxmikanth. (Polity)
- Indian Economy – Ramesh Singh. (Economy)
- Economic Survey. (Economy)
- Science and Technology in India – TMH. (Science and Technology)
- Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure – Rajagopalan. (Environment)
- Environment for Civil Services Prelims and Mains – Khuller. (Environment)
- India Year Book(Current Affairs)
- Manorama Yearbook. (Current Affairs)
- CSAT Paper – 2 Manual by TMHor CSAT-II – Arihant (CSAT – Paper 2)
- Analytical Reasoning – M. K. Pandey (CSAT – Paper 2: Analytical Reasoning)
- Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning – R. S.Aggarwal(CSAT Paper 2: Reasoning)
There are two papers in UPSC civil services prelims exam – General Studies and Aptitude or CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test) and both prelims papers consists of multiple choice (objective) questions. Who qualify in UPSC civil services prelims exam are chosen to write the mains exam.
For the preparation of UPSC civil services prelims exam, qualities like a sharp memory and basic retention power and proper strategy is needed. Selection of best IAS books for prelims exam play key role. Conceptual clarity on every topic of the syllabus is required. Utilize time well and crack the UPSC civil services prelims exam in first attempt. I hope this BEST REFERENCE IAS BOOKS FOR UPSC CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMS EXAM article is helpful to you in preparation of UPSC civil services prelims exam
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